≡ START Guide Deutsch Statistics : Double observations

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Various quantities are all measured twice, possibly with different accuracies and/or with systematic difference. Such measurements are treated as double observations in the sense of geodetic statistics and are comprehensively evaluated, including all applicable statistical tests, e.g. whether the data show a systematic difference.

Note

Format measurem. list Quantity names, observations, maybe standard deviations or weights
first column:

second column:

third column:

fourth column:

fifth column:


default values for stdev. or weights of
observations 1
observations 2

1 more example

Measurement list
Did you know? Standard deviation are always expected in the same unit, as the observations.