Click on 
for a guide
appropriate to occasions.
After the sign
you find practically instructive examples.
After the sign
tricks
for beginners and experts are disclosed.
Place mouse pointer over
to get hints.
Place mousepointer over terms marked with
to get their meaning.
If you have questions relating to your computation, e.g. because it did not yield the desired result, you may and send the link for loading it via together with your question and your contact address. You will receive an answer within some hours.
Using the input area at the bottom of the start page you search IN DUBIO PRO GEO by the GoogleTM search engine.
IN DUBIO PRO GEO HandbookIf you run IN DUBIO PRO GEO in different tabs of the same browser window then you work on the same project in all those tabs! This may be undesired.
If webpages contain computation results then IN DUBIO PRO GEO has computed these results immediately before the page is displayed. If you navigate in the browser by ''history'' or ''back'' to a page with computation results and if you have changed some data in between, e.g. some settings, then the computations are repeated with the changed data . You may not see exactly the same page as before! This may be undesired. It is safer not to use ''history'' or ''back'', but
The characters are not allowed in input areas and will be replaced by (dagger).
Blue-grounded may be left blank.
Numerical values in input areas may be numbers with decimal point or decimal comma or integers. Also the exponential and percentage notation is possible.
Instead of numerical values, like e.g.
16.1063 16,1063 161063e-4 1610.63%
you may always also give arithmetic expressions, like e.g.
8.1+8.0063 (3,3009-1)*7,0 8.1+80063e-4 pi*16.1063/pi
161063/10000 log(exp(16.1063)) 2,3009*7,0 sqrt(16,1063*16.1063)
3,3009*7,0-7 asin(sin(0.161063))*100 (16.1063^(-0.5))^(-2)
All 11 arithmetic expressions yield the same numerical value.
This also works in
tabular data records
like measurement lists or coordinate lists as well as matrices.
In these examples the chosen output decimal separator
is not in effect.
In arithmetic expressions an integer with leading zero is interpreted as an octal number,
however, as a numerical value it is a usual decimal number.
Example: 012 and 012.0+0 are interpreted as twelve, however
012+0 equals ten!
The following mathematical functions are supported:
abs acos acosh asin asinh atan2 atan atanh cos cosh exp log10 log sin sinh sqrt tan tanh
Arguments of trigonometric functions are always expected in the angle unit radian,
no matter which unit has been used elsewhere.
Arithmetic expressions in input areas are not workable in the angle unit DegMinSec.
See Arithmetic expressions in matrices.
and as well as other tabular data records like matrices and vectors may be copied to the textarea via clipboard. For most of the textareas there is a button for file upload. Here textfiles with a maximum size of 30 kByte are supported. The used character set is automatically recognized, of course also a multibyte character set.
Comments in such data sets begin with ''//'' and go to the end of row or are enclosed in ''/*'' and ''*/''.
Each data record is written in a separate row. The succession of rows is sometimes arbitrary. Every input starting from ''//'' on a row as well as blank rows are ignored. Consecutive elements of each record are separated by tabulator, space or semicolon. Multiple spaces are treated as one space. However, e.g. '' 1; ;2 '' is treated as three elements, the second is empty. For numerical values or arithmetic expressions the rules given for Input areas apply.
Example: The following inputs yield identical results.
| 16,10 17,11 23,06 14,02 |
16,10 17.11 23.06 14,02 |
16.10;17.11 //extra 23.06 ; 14.02 |
8.05*2 ; 17+11/100 //extra 23.06 /*extra*/ 14.02 |
If a row cannot be interpreted along this line, it is exceptionally tried to interprete the commas as a column separator. Then, the first row of the above example can be written in one of the following ways:
| 16.10,17.11 | 16.10 , 17.11 | 16.10,17.11 //extra | 8.05*2, 17+11/100 |
If you want to import coordinate or measurement lists from various data formats,
a text editor is useful that can mark also columns of data. We recommend the freeware editor
notepad++
. Also very powerful is
textpad.
It is assumed that all distances, cartesian and grid coordinates, instrument and target heights etc. as well as the radius of Earth curvature in the project are given in the same unit and all areas are in the square of this unit. Also standard deviations of these quantities must be specified in this unit and are obtained in this unit. The unit metre is common. If a predefined reference ellipsoid is used in a computation, then the length unit must be definitely metre.
It is not allowed to append a length unit to an input number.
The angle unit can be chosen separately for latititude/longitude and other angles (not for ). For some computations not all units of angle are selectable. Western longitudes and southern latitudes must be given negative.
| Degrees | 16.1063 or 2.30009*7 or 16.1063° |
|---|---|
| Gradians | 17.895889 or 17+0.895889 |
| Arcminutes | 966.378 or 966.378` |
| Arcseconds | 57982.7 or 57982.7`` |
| DegMin | 16.06378 or 16°06.378` or 16°6.378` |
| DegMinSec | 16.06227 or 16°06`22.7`` or 16°6`22.7`` |
| invalid | 16° 06` 22.7`` or 2.30009°*7 or 15°66`22.7`` etc. |
| Radian | 0.28110797 |
| Turns | 0.00447397 |
For angles it is acceptionally possible to specify values with °,`,`` , but not in arithmetic expressions. Valid notations are displayed in the right table.
Example: For the angle 16.1063°
the notations given at the right are possible on input, instead of decimal point also
with decimal comma.
The output of angles in result tables is always by the first notation. E.g.
16°6`22.7``
is given in the setting DegMinSec
as 16.06227.
If by
the output decimal separator is set to comma, then one gets 16,06227.
If you use Arithmetic expressions in input fields with trigonometric functions, angle arguments must always be given in radian. Inverse trigonometric functions always yield radian angles.
If angles are involved in a computation, then all quantities, which appear in alternative angle notation, are converted to the standard notation, even though they are not angles. Be sure to give only angles in this angle notation here.
IN DUBIO PRO GEO works without java or flash etc. and as much as possible also without javascript. Only the following features require that javascript is enabled in your browser:
connected to the HTW network.
If Javascript is disabled, the buttons not workable appear
.
Test:
The HTML5 and CSS3 codes of IN DUBIO PRO GEO are regularly validated with the
validation services
.
IN DUBIO PRO GEO does not request or collect personal data.
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